| Mir Muhammad Amin Musawi | |
|---|---|
| Nawab of Awadh | |
Burhan ul Mulk |
|
| Reign | 1722–1739[1] |
| Titles | Burhan ul Mulk Khan Bahadur Bahadur Jang Mir Atish (Commander of Arsenal) Subedar of Agra & Awadh Sa'adat Khan Khuld-Ashian[nt 1] |
| Born | circa 1680 |
| Birthplace | Nishapur, Khurasan, Persia |
| Died | March 19, 1739 |
| Place of death | Delhi, India |
| Buried | Mausoleum of Sa'adat Khan, Delhi |
| Predecessor | none |
| Successor | Safdar Jung |
| Offspring | one daughter |
| Royal House | Nishapuri |
| Father | Muhammad Nasir |
Saadat Ali Khan (Hindi: सआदत अली खान, Urdu: سعادت علی خان) (b. c. 1680 – d. 19 March 1739) was the Subahdar Nawab of Awadh from 26 January 1722 to 1739,[2] and the son of Muhammad Nasir[3]. At the age of 25 he accompanied his father Muhammad Nasir and joined the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb against the Maratha in the Deccan, where the Mughal Emperor honorably awarded him the title Khan Bahadur for his steadfast services.
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Sa'adat Khan was born Muhammad Amin Musawi the son of Muhammad Nasir Musawi a Shia Muslim merchant of Khurasan.[nt 2] His grandfather a wealthy merchant migrated to India during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Saadat Ali Khan I's father became a very prominent official during the rule of Bahadur Shah I.[nt 3]He is the progenitor of the Nawabs of Awadh.[nt 4]
At the commencement of the emperor Muhammad Shah's reign he held the faujdari (garrison commander) of Bayana.[nt 5]He was given the title of "Sadat Khan Bahadur".[3]He was made governor of Agra on Oct 15, 1720 AD.[3]He was given the title of "Captain of the Imperial Body Guards" on Jan 12, 1721 AD.[3].He was also made the governor of Awadh and the army-in-charge of Gorakhpur on Sep 9, 1722 AD,[3] with the title of Sa'adat Khan in place of Raja Girdhar who was appointed governor of Malwa.[nt 6]
Awadh under him included five districts Khalilabad, Faizabad, Gorakhpur, Bahraich and Lucknow. Boundaries of Oudh stretched to Himalayan hills in north, Bihar in east, in south unto Kara-Manikpur of Allahabad province and in west unto Kannauj. From Gorakhpur to Kannauj 270 miles long and from northern hills to Kara-Manikpur the province was 230 miles wide, totaling to 1,01,71,080 Bigha in area.[3]
Local kings, zamindars and jagirdars have created mismanagement and destroyed the peace of the area since the reign of Aurangzeb, specially the Sheikh Zadas. Sadat Khan tamed them, made his own palace near Ayodhya, and founded a new city Faizabad, which became the capital of the new government. Due to his management policy state's income rose from Rupees 70 lakhs to 2 crores.[3] Muhammad Shah was very pleased with his service and gave him the title of "Burhan-ul-Mulk".[3]
Sa'adat Khan enlarged the state boundary on eastern front by taking Banaras, Jaunpur, Ghazipur and Chunar under his control from Jagirdar Murtaza Khan in 1728 AD.[3]
He was one of the commanding Mughal generals in the Battle of Karnal against Nadir Shah.[nt 7]Sa'adat Khan was captured during the battle and died on the night prior to the massacre of Delhi by Nadir Shah on the March 19, 1739. He was buried at Delhi in the mausoleum of his brother Sayadat Khan.[nt 8]
His only child was a daughter who was married to his nephew Muhammad Muqim better known as Abul Mansur Khan Safdar Jung the son of Sayadat Khan who succeeded him in the government of Awadh.[nt 9]
| Preceded by -- |
Mughal Governor of Agra Oct 15, 1720 – Sep 9, 1722 |
Succeeded by -- |
| Preceded by -- |
Mughal Governor of Awadh Sep 9, 1722 – 1732 |
Succeeded by -- |
| Preceded by new creation |
Subadar Nawab of Awadh 1732 – Mar 19 1739 |
Succeeded by Abu´l Mansur Mohammad Moqim Khan |